1/11/2024 0 Comments Societal impact of nocturnal cough![]() (d) Spectrogram of a cough event with the third phase. (c) Spectrogram of a cough event without the third phase. (a) Cough event without the third phase in the time domain, (b) Cough event with a third phase. An example of two cough sounds–divided into its three phases: 1) explosive, 2) intermediate, and 3) voiced. An example of two recorded cough sounds with and without the third phase is shown in Fig 1, in the time and frequency domains.įig 1. The third phase (not always present) is composed of a turbulent airflow that includes a pitch frequency caused by activation of the vocal cords. The second phase is composed of a laminar airflow characterized by smaller amplitudes. The first phase is an initial explosive phase with a very sharp increase in energy while air is released. It is also associated with many pathological conditions, most of which are related to the respiratory system (e.g., Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), asthma, and COVID-19), although others are seasonal such as allergies or colds.Ī typical cough sound contains two or three phases. Cough is a respiratory reflex considered to have defensive capabilities aimed at removing mucus and foreign particles from the lower airways. These sleep sounds can be related to physiological characteristics of the recorded individual, such as breathing, snoring, movement, speech, and coughing. ![]() This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.ĭata Availability: All relevant data are within the paper and its Supporting Information files.įunding: * Y.Z * ISF 1403/15 * Israel Science Foundation * * The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.Ĭompeting interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.ĭuring sleep, different sounds can be recorded and analyzed. Received: AugAccepted: DecemPublished: January 19, 2022Ĭopyright: © 2022 Eni et al. PLoS ONE 17(1):Įditor: Felix Albu, Valahia University of Targoviste: Universitatea Valahia din Targoviste, ROMANIA This non-contact cough detection system may thus be implemented to track the progression of respiratory illnesses and test reactions to different medications even at night when a contact sensor is uncomfortable or infeasible.Ĭitation: Eni M, Mordoh V, Zigel Y (2022) Cough detection using a non-contact microphone: A nocturnal cough study. A positive correlation was found between BMI and the number of nocturnal coughs (R = 0.232, p < 0.05), and between the number of nocturnal coughs and OSA severity in men (R = 0.278, p < 0.05). Cough events were significantly more frequent during wakefulness than in the sleep stages ( p < 0.0001) and were significantly less frequent during deep sleep than in other sleep stages ( p < 0.0001). The DNN-based system outperformed the GMM-based system, at 99.8% accuracy, with a sensitivity and specificity of 86.1% and 99.9%, respectively (Positive Predictive Value (PPV) of 78.4%). The database was composed of nocturnal audio signals from 89 subjects recorded during a polysomnography study. The detected coughs were analyzed and compared in different sleep stages and in terms of severity of Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA), along with age, Body Mass Index (BMI), and gender. Two different classifiers were implemented and tested: a Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM) and a Deep Neural Network (DNN). ![]() An automatic non-contact cough detector designed especially for night audio recordings that can distinguish coughs from snores and other sounds is presented. ![]()
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